Language, 7–10 years — 109 topics · MyLeoNes™ Kuks
109 language topics written for 7–10 years — not a older text simplified. In teaching order, each a deck of five cards: the idea, why it exists, a worked example, the common trap and where you meet it.
Language · 7–10 years
Listening carefully and doing what is asked
Listen to the end, keep who, what and where, pass on a message and follow instructions in order.
Speaking in turn and saying what I think
Ask for the floor, wait your turn, speak clearly and say what you think or feel, with a reason.
The voice and the marks: asking, telling and requesting
Your voice changes when you ask, tell or request, and the marks . , ? ! show you how to read and write each sentence.
The letters: names, order and the page
26 letters in a fixed order, capitals and small letters, and how the words go on the page.
Letters and sounds: reading and writing words
Every sound is written with one letter or with two together (a digraph), and some letters change their sound depending on where they are.
What is the text about? Theme and central ideas
A text can amuse, delight or teach; to understand it, say what it is about and the most important ideas.
Writing a short text: plan, write and check
Think before writing, write legibly and read again to correct; and answer questions and instructions in writing.
Listening and saying what you feel
After a story, a poem or a folk song, say what you understood, what you felt and whether you liked it, and why.
Rhymes, tongue twisters and saying them aloud
Hear rhymes and repeated sounds in poems and tongue twisters, and say a memorised text with voice, gestures and pauses.
What book is this?
Guess what a text is about from its kind, its title, its cover and its pictures, and tell an invented story from a text about what is real.
Following a story
Understand who, where and what happens in a story, guess what comes next from clues, and retell it in order.
Words, syllables and sounds
Tell apart the pieces of language, words, syllables and sounds (phonemes), and see that one sound can need two letters.
Nouns and adjectives
Recognise proper names, and make nouns and adjectives agree: one or many, boy or girl.
What words mean
See how words relate (similar, opposite, group), and work out a new word from the words and pictures around it.
Building sentences: stops and linking words
End a simple sentence with the right sign, and join two ideas with «quando», «depois» and «porque».
Listening: what the speaker wants and what goes in your notebook
Work out if someone asks, tells, admires, orders or requests, and note only what you need.
A clear voice and the right rhythm: speaking and reading aloud
Say every word clearly, use pauses and a voice that goes up or down, and read aloud the way the text feels.
Talking together: your turn, the right words and good manners
Wait for your turn, choose polite words for the person you are talking to, and ask, request and answer the right way.
Plan, tell and check: a story from start to finish
Think before you speak (who, where, when, what happens), tell it in order and check how it went.
Pretend play: roles, gestures and a text that comes alive
Play a role with voice and body, and recreate a short text as movement, music or a drawing.
Understanding a text: what it says, what you know and the essentials
Tell telling texts from describing ones, find what is written, use what you already know and say the main point.
From sound to letter and from letter to sound
Two letters can make one sound, a sound can be written in several ways, and a letter can sound different depending on where it is.
Words written well: capital and small letters, syllables, accents and tilde
Each letter has a capital and a small form; count the syllables, and put the accent and the tilde where they belong.
Writing a text that reads well: telling, informing, explaining
Choose what your text is for, then link the sentences: same tense, no repeated names, and words for time and cause.
Full stop, comma and revising a text
The full stop closes an idea, the comma separates items and comes before «mas», and revising means reading again and deciding together.
Choosing a book and guessing what it is about
Genre, title, cover and pictures are clues: they help you guess the theme and choose a book with reasons.
Understanding a story, retelling it and saying what you think
Who, what happens and what it teaches: understand a story, retell it in order and explain how it made you feel.
Poems, rhymes and tongue twisters: understanding and saying them
First say what a poem tells and what it means; then plan voice, pauses and gestures to say it aloud.
Syllables: how many there are and which one is stressed
Clap the syllables to count them; the stressed syllable is the one said with more force.
Nouns, articles and adjectives: feminine and plural
The words that name, the little words before them and the words that describe: how they change from masculine to feminine and from one to many.
Verbs, personal pronouns and interjections
Words for what happens, words that stand for a name, words that show feeling, and the infinitive, the name of the verb.
Joining ideas: and, or, nor and linking words
Words that add («e», «nem»), choose («ou») and link ideas by time, cause, explanation and contrast.
The meaning of words: context, subjects and figurative sense
The same word can mean different things in different subjects, and an expression can say something other than what its words say.
Words I understand and words I use
Work out new words from the clues in the sentence and move them into your own sentences.
Which letter do I write? Rules that decide
The same letter can make different sounds: the rules for c/qu, g/gu, ç, r/rr and m before p and b help you choose.
Accents, tilde and cedilla
Know the acute and circumflex accents, the tilde and the cedilla, and see how one mark can change a word.
Full stop, question mark and exclamation mark: the sign at the end of the sentence
Choose the sign that ends a sentence (. ? !) by what it says, start with a capital letter and use commas in a list.
Listening for the essentials: notes, doubts and what the speaker means
Listen with a goal, note only the key words, ask about what is missing and work out what the speaker wants.
Speaking clearly, in turn and politely
A voice that can be heard, a turn that is waited for and a simple plan to explain something or tell a story.
News report, letter, invitation and comic strip: what each one is for
Each text is made for something: a news report informs, a letter talks to someone far away, an invitation calls someone, a comic tells a story in panels.
Reading aloud and reading silently
Two ways of reading: aloud, with rhythm and intonation, to share; and silently, on your own, to read more and understand.
Making sense of a text: what you know, theme, subject and opinion
Use what you already know to understand, say what the text is about (theme and subject) and give an opinion with reasons.
Before you read: cover, title and kind of text
Use the title, the cover, the pictures and the kind of text to guess what a book is about before you read it.
A whole book: listening, reading and planning a reading project
Listen to stories and traditional texts, read whole books, and plan your own reading from what you like.
Understanding a story and reacting to it
Ask who, where, when and what happened; work out what is not said; then say what you felt and think, with a reason from the text.
The poem: verse, stanza, rhyme and reading it in public
Recognise the verses, the stanza and the rhymes of a poem, and prepare it to be read aloud in front of others with confidence.
The play: lines, stage directions and dramatised reading
Tell lines from stage directions, give each character a voice, and turn a short play into a dramatised reading and a performance.
Re-creating a poem with gestures, rhythm and drawing
Say what a short text says in another form (words, gestures, body, music or drawing) without changing its meaning.
Planning and writing: telling a story and giving information
Decide why you write, note your ideas and organise them into introduction, development and conclusion before writing.
One sound, several letters: phoneme and grapheme
Tell sounds (phonemes) from the letters that write them (graphemes) and learn the most frequent ways of writing a sound.
Writing correctly and revising your text
Capital letters, punctuation, word division at line end, accents and layout; and how to reread, judge and improve your own text.
Stressed syllable, accents and spelling
In every word one syllable is said with more force; some words also show it with a written accent, and a few spelling rules keep words right.
Determiners, numeral quantifiers and adverbs
Words have jobs: some point or say whose something is, some say how many, and some say how, when or where.
Verbs: present, past (pretérito perfeito) and future
A verb changes its ending to say who does something and when: before now, now, or later; some verbs break the pattern.
Degree: bigger, smaller, more, less
With the same word we can say more or less: a suffix (-inho, -ão), «mais … do que», «muito» or «-íssimo».
The sentence: subject, predicate, types of sentence and negation
A sentence has two blocks, the noun group and the verb group; it can tell, ask, order or exclaim, and it can say yes or no.
Linking ideas: connectors, «tão … que» and «para que»
Small linking words tell how ideas relate: addition, contrast, cause, order; «tão … que» gives a result and «para que» a purpose.
Word families and what words mean
Words born from the same word form a family; prefixes and suffixes, synonyms and antonyms help to work out what a word means.
Figurative meaning: expressions not read literally
Some words and expressions mean something other than what they literally say; the context helps to work out the meaning.
Listening and noting the essentials
Listen with a goal, keep what answers it, leave the extras out and note it in a list, a table, a diagram or a drawing.
Fact or opinion? What is said and what is meant
Separate what can be checked from what someone thinks, work out what is left unsaid and understand words that say more than the dictionary.
Guided conversation: turns, time and roles
Ask for and take the floor, keep to each person's speaking time and play the role you were given in a guided conversation, like a class assembly.
A short talk: plan, give and evaluate
Prepare a script of key words, use varied words and complex sentences, give the talk alone or in a group and evaluate how it went.
Voice, body and eyes
Give your opinion and share ideas with a voice that carries, clear words, the right intonation and rhythm, and eyes on your listeners.
Texts that tell and texts that describe
Read longer texts that tell and describe: follow the action, the place and the characters, and see how description mixes with the story.
Encyclopedia article, dictionary entry and notice
Recognise three texts made to look things up and to warn: how each one is organised and what it is for.
Reading securely and on your own: chunks of meaning and hard words
Read in chunks of meaning without swapping words, understand what you read, deal with hard words and organise your own silent reading.
From text to key ideas: theme, subject and your opinion
Bring what you know to a longer text, say the key idea, the subject and the theme of each part, and give an opinion on its content or form.
Before reading: cover, title and pictures
Use the title, the cover, the pictures and the shape of the text to guess what a book is about before you read it.
Poem, narrative and play: outside and inside
See how texts are organised outside (verses, stanzas, speeches, paragraphs) and inside (rhyme, narrator, characters, place, time, action).
Tools that give a text more force
Recognise onomatopoeia, interjections, comparisons and puns, and see what they do to the meaning of a text.
Reacting to what you read and hear
Say what you feel and think about a story or a poem, explain why and show it in a creative way.
Saying poems and acting in a group
Learn a poem by heart and say it with confidence, and act a scene with your voice, body and team.
A reading project: reading a whole book
Plan how to read a whole book, understand it, ask questions and find out why the author wrote it.
Writing a recount (relato)
Tell what happened in three parts, with descriptions and with the characters' words in direct and indirect speech.
Planning, writing and revising
Write in three moments: plan the ideas, write the text and revise it to solve problems, alone or in a group.
Sentences that link ideas: then, so, in order to
Join two ideas in one sentence to show a sequence, a consequence or a purpose.
Writing it right: spelling, punctuation and word division
Use accents, punctuation and hyphens correctly, divide words at the end of a line and lay out the page well.
Paragraphs, links and sense in a text
Organise a text in paragraphs, link the sentences (cohesion) and keep all the ideas on the same subject (coherence).
Pronouns: personal, possessive and demonstrative
Words that stand in for a noun: eu, me, meu, este. Learn to spot them and to tell their kinds apart.
«Que…?» and prepositions: asking and linking
The interrogative determiner that asks about a noun (que, quantos) and the little word that links (de, em, para).
Unstressed pronouns: before or after the verb?
Vi-o, but Não o vi: where me, te, o, a, lhe go in an affirmative sentence, with «não» and with words like «já».
Verbs: what used to happen and what we command
The imperfect indicative (cantava, comia) and the imperative (canta! não cantes!) of regular and irregular verbs.
From masculine to feminine: nouns and adjectives
Five ways to form the feminine: change -o to -a, add -a, change the ending, use another word, or keep it the same.
One or many, big or small: number and degree
How nouns and adjectives change to be plural (animal → animais) and to show degree (casinha, mais alto, altíssimo).
Linking, stretching and shortening sentences
Connectors that show how ideas relate (porque, mas, ou, se), and how to add detail to a sentence or cut it down to the essentials.
Words from the inside: stem, affixes and word families
Split a word into base, stem and affixes to guess the meaning of new words and to see which words are family.
Beyond the literal meaning: figurative meaning and sound words
Work out what an expression means when it is not to be read literally, and recognise words that imitate sounds.
Writing it right: spelling rules
Explain why words are spelled as they are: m before p and b, r and rr, c and ç, g and gu.
Apostrophes in contractions
An apostrophe can show that letters have been left out of a shortened word. Spotting the missing letters helps you read and write contractions clearly.
Capital letters have jobs
Learn when a word needs a capital letter, especially at the start of a sentence and in a name.
Clear sentences
See how word order helps a reader understand one complete thought.
Describing words
Learn how describing words add useful detail without changing the thing being described.
Joining words
See how joining words show the relationship between ideas.
Metaphors make pictures with words
A metaphor describes one thing as if it were another to create a strong picture or idea. It is not meant to be taken as a literal report.
Nouns and verbs
Find the people, animals and things in a sentence, then spot what they do or what happens.
Paragraphs
Learn how paragraphs group sentences around one main part of a text.
Prefixes change meaning
Learn how a beginning added to a word can change what it means.
Pronouns
Learn how small words can stand in for names and nouns.
Punctuation guides the reader
See how full stops, question marks, exclamation marks, and commas show how words should be read.
Question words find the missing piece
Use who, what, where, when, why and how to ask for the exact information you need.
Showing direct speech
Direct speech lets a reader see the exact words a person says. Speech marks and reporting words help separate those words from the rest of the story.
Syllables
Syllables are the beats inside spoken words. Finding them helps you read, spell and say longer words with confidence.
Synonyms and opposites
Some words have close meanings, while others point in opposite directions. Choosing carefully can make your speech and writing clearer and less repetitive.
The verb matches who is acting
Notice how the verb changes when one person acts or several people act, so the sentence is easy to follow.
Using a dictionary
A dictionary is a tool for finding what words mean, how they are written and how they are used. Knowing how to search makes you a more independent reader.
Verb tenses show when
A verb can place an action in the past, present or future. Tense helps readers follow when events happen.
Word endings can change a word
See how an ending added to a word can change its meaning or turn it into a different kind of word.
Words that sound alike
Some words sound alike but have different spellings and meanings. The surrounding sentence helps you decide which word belongs.
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