Earth science, 4–6 years — 20 topics · MyLeoNes™ Kuks
20 earth science topics written for 4–6 years — not a older text simplified. In teaching order, each a deck of five cards: the idea, why it exists, a worked example, the common trap and where you meet it.
Earth science · 4–6 years
Day and night
Earth keeps turning, so the Sun lights different places at different times.
Weather changes
Weather is what the air and sky are like here and now: sunny, cloudy, windy, rainy or cold.
Water changes form
Water can be liquid, solid ice or invisible water vapour, and warmth or cold can make it change.
Rocks and soil
The ground is not just one thing: it contains hard rocks and softer soil that can hold plant roots.
Seasons
Why the year brings warmer and colder times, and how people, plants and animals notice the change.
The Moon’s changing shape
Why the Moon seems to change shape while travelling around Earth, even though it is always round.
Fossils
How a plant or animal from long ago can leave a hard trace in rock.
Volcanoes
How hot material from inside Earth can reach the surface through a volcano.
Earth is a planet
Earth is a large, round world moving through space, with land, water and air for living things.
Mountains and valleys
Land is not flat everywhere: some parts rise high as mountains, while valleys lie lower between hills or mountains.
Rivers flow downhill
Water on land can gather into streams and rivers, moving from higher ground towards lower ground.
The Sun warms Earth
The Sun sends light and warmth across space, making Earth’s surface warmer in sunlight than in shade.
Continents and oceans
Earth has huge areas of land and huge areas of salt water. Continents and oceans help us talk about where places are.
Maps are models of Earth
A map makes a very large, round world small enough to look at. It chooses what to show and uses signs to share information.
Earthquakes
Sometimes the ground shakes because parts of the rocky Earth move suddenly. Earthquakes can be tiny or powerful, and people learn ways to stay safer.
Tides
The sea level rises and falls in a repeating pattern called tides. The Moon’s gravity pulls on Earth’s oceans, while Earth’s turning helps make the pattern move around the coast.
The air around Earth
Air is invisible, but it fills the space around us and helps living things breathe.
Stars are distant suns
The Sun is a star nearby; the tiny points we see at night are other stars much farther away.
Earth is hot inside
The ground is cool where we stand, but deeper inside Earth, rock is under great heat and pressure.
Earth’s useful materials
Many things we use come from Earth, and some take a very long time to replace.
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