Earth science, 7–10 years — 20 topics · MyLeoNes™ Kuks
20 earth science topics written for 7–10 years — not a older text simplified. In teaching order, each a deck of five cards: the idea, why it exists, a worked example, the common trap and where you meet it.
Earth science · 7–10 years
The rock cycle
Rocks are not always the same forever. Heat, pressure, water and time can change one kind of rock into another.
The water cycle
Water moves between the ground, air, rivers, lakes and oceans. It changes form, but the same water can travel around Earth again and again.
Weather is changing air
Weather describes what the air is doing in a place now or soon: its temperature, wind, clouds and precipitation. It can change from hour to hour.
Erosion
Erosion is the wearing away and carrying of rock and soil by moving water, wind, ice or gravity. It slowly reshapes the land.
Earth’s layers
Earth is not a solid ball all the way through. It has layers with different materials, temperatures and jobs.
Fossils tell of past life
A fossil is a trace or remains of living things preserved in rock. Fossils let us investigate life that existed long before people.
How volcanoes erupt
A volcano is an opening where hot melted rock and gases can escape from inside Earth. An eruption happens when pressure helps push this material upwards.
Why earthquakes shake the ground
An earthquake is a sudden release of energy when parts of Earth’s crust move. The energy travels as waves, making the ground shake.
Earth’s moving plates
Earth’s hard outer surface is broken into huge pieces that move very slowly. Their movement helps explain why continents change position and why some places have many earthquakes or volcanoes.
Why the Moon changes shape
The Moon does not make its own light, and its round shape does not really change. As it travels around Earth, we see different parts of its sunlit half.
Why Earth has seasons
Earth’s axis is tilted as Earth travels around the Sun. That tilt changes how directly sunlight reaches each half of Earth and how long daylight lasts, creating the seasons.
How soil forms
Soil is more than loose dirt. It forms slowly from broken rock, air, water, and remains of living things, and it becomes a home and food store for many plants and animals.
Why Earth has day and night
Earth is always turning, so sunlight reaches different places at different times.
How gravity keeps us on Earth
Gravity is the pull between objects with mass, and Earth’s large mass pulls us toward its centre.
Why tides rise and fall
The Moon’s gravity pulls on Earth’s oceans, while Earth’s turning makes coastlines pass through changing bulges of water.
Earth’s natural resources
People use materials and energy from Earth, but some supplies take far longer to return than others.
Earth’s magnetic field guides a compass
Earth acts a little like a giant magnet. Its invisible magnetic field makes a compass needle turn and helps us find directions.
How map scale shows real distance
A map makes a large place small enough to hold in your hands. Its scale tells you how a short line on the map matches a much longer distance on Earth.
Why the sky looks blue
Sunlight looks white, but it contains many colours. Air spreads blue light around the sky more strongly than most other colours, so blue reaches our eyes from many directions.
Earth’s natural greenhouse effect
Some gases in the atmosphere slow the escape of heat from Earth. This natural greenhouse effect keeps our planet warmer than it would be without those gases.
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