Physics, 7–10 years — 20 topics · MyLeoNes™ Kuks
20 physics topics written for 7–10 years — not a older text simplified. In teaching order, each a deck of five cards: the idea, why it exists, a worked example, the common trap and where you meet it.
Physics · 7–10 years
Pushes and pulls
A push or a pull can start, stop, speed up, slow down or turn something.
Friction
Friction is a contact force that resists sliding and helps us grip things.
Gravity
Gravity is the pull between masses; near Earth, it pulls objects towards the ground.
Simple electric circuits
A circuit is a complete path that lets electric current travel and make a device work.
Light and shadows
Light travels from a source and helps us see. When an object blocks some of it, a shadow appears.
Sound and vibrations
Sound begins when something vibrates and makes nearby air vibrate too. Those moving vibrations can reach our ears and be heard.
Magnets and magnetic forces
A magnet can push or pull some materials without touching them. Its two ends behave differently, and the magnetic force can act through small gaps.
Floating and sinking
Whether an object floats depends on its weight, its size and the water it displaces. A heavy-looking object can float if its shape includes enough air.
Heat moves from warmer to cooler places
Heat is always on the move when two things have different temperatures. This explains why a hot drink cools and why a warm coat helps your body lose heat more slowly.
Changes of state
The same substance can be a solid, liquid or gas. Heating and cooling can change how its particles move, so ice can melt into water and water can become invisible vapour.
Levers make lifting easier
A lever is a stiff bar that turns around a fixed point. Moving one end can help lift or move something at the other end, especially when the turning point is placed carefully.
Air resistance slows moving things
Air may be invisible, but it pushes against objects moving through it. The effect grows when an object is faster or presents a larger surface, which is why parachutes open wide.
Speed tells how fast something moves
Speed compares the distance travelled with the time taken. It helps us describe and compare moving objects.
Energy can change form
Energy helps things move, glow, heat up or make sound. It can move from one place or object to another and change the way it appears.
Gears change movement
Gears are toothed wheels that work together. Their sizes and arrangement can change speed, turning direction or the effort needed.
Earth’s rotation makes day and night
Earth turns around an invisible line through its poles. As it turns, different places face the Sun and then turn away, making a regular pattern of day and night.
Balanced and unbalanced forces
Several pushes or pulls can work together. When they balance, motion does not change; when they do not, motion changes.
Pressure depends on area
The same force can have different effects when it acts on a small or large area. This explains sharp points, wide feet and many everyday designs.
Static electricity
Electric charge can build up on an object and then attract, repel or suddenly jump away. Rubbing and separating materials often makes this easier to notice.
Light reflects from surfaces
Light can bounce from a surface into our eyes, allowing us to see objects and images. Smooth and rough surfaces reflect light in different ways.
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