Classical languages, 11–13 years — 20 topics · MyLeoNes™ Kuks
20 classical languages topics written for 11–13 years — not a older text simplified. In teaching order, each a deck of five cards: the idea, why it exists, a worked example, the common trap and where you meet it.
Classical languages · 11–13 years
Agreement in Latin
Words that belong together often match in features such as number, gender or case.
Ancient Greek breathing marks
Ancient Greek words beginning with a vowel or rho may carry a breathing mark. It tells the reader whether the word starts plainly or with an h-like puff of air.
Asking questions in Latin
Latin can turn a statement into a yes-or-no question with small markers. The endings do not change; the marker tells you how the speaker expects the answer to feel.
Latin comparatives and superlatives
Latin can turn an adjective such as clarus, “bright”, into “brighter” and “brightest”. The ending changes how two or more things are being compared.
Latin conjunctions
Latin conjunctions join words or clauses and show how their ideas fit together. A small word such as et, sed, or quod can change the logic of a whole sentence.
Latin noun cases
A noun’s ending can show what job it has in a sentence, even when its position changes.
Latin participles
See how Latin can turn an action into a describing word, linking movement and detail in one phrase.
Latin principal parts
A Latin dictionary does not give just one verb form. Its principal parts are clues that help you recognise and build the verb in different tenses.
Latin pronunciation: c, g and v
A few Latin letters do not sound exactly as they do in English. Learning the classical sounds of c, g and v makes short Latin texts much easier to read aloud.
Latin roots in modern words
A Latin word can leave a family of related words in several modern languages.
Latin verb endings
A Latin verb ending can tell you who acts and when the action happens.
Latin vowel length
In Latin, a vowel could be short or long, and that small timing difference could change a word’s meaning or the rhythm of a line.
Latin word order and emphasis
See how Latin can move words around and use their position to highlight what matters.
Reading the Ancient Greek alphabet
Learn how Greek letters work as a writing system and how to read simple Ancient Greek words.
The Ancient Greek article
Ancient Greek used a small word like “the”, but it changed its form to fit the noun’s role. Learning it gives clues about how a Greek sentence is built.
The Ancient Greek present tense
In Ancient Greek, the present tense usually shows an action as happening, continuing, or happening regularly. Reading its ending and its stem together helps you identify who is acting.
The Latin imperative
Latin can turn a verb into a direct command, such as “listen!” or “come!”. The imperative is a small form with a clear job: telling one or more people what to do.
The Latin infinitive
Learn how a form such as amare means “to love” and can fit inside a larger Latin sentence.
The Latin perfect tense
Latin uses the perfect to place a completed event in the past. Its form often comes from the verb’s third principal part, not from simply adding one universal ending.
The Latin verb esse
Esse means “to be”. It is a small but unusual verb that connects people and things with what they are, where they are, or how they seem.
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