Science, 14–17 years — 20 topics · MyLeoNes™ Kuks
20 science topics written for 14–17 years — not a older text simplified. In teaching order, each a deck of five cards: the idea, why it exists, a worked example, the common trap and where you meet it.
Science · 14–17 years
The particle model of matter
Matter may look continuous, but it is made of tiny particles whose movement and spacing help explain solids, liquids and gases.
Chemical reactions rearrange atoms
In a chemical reaction, atoms are not created or destroyed; their bonds change and new substances form.
Force, mass and acceleration
A net force changes an object's motion. The change is larger for a stronger force and smaller for a larger mass: F = m × a.
Conservation of energy
Energy can be transferred or transformed, but in a closed system the total amount stays the same.
A complete circuit lets current flow
Electric devices work because charges can move through a complete path. This topic links batteries, wires, switches and lamps into one testable idea.
Waves carry information
A wave is a repeating disturbance that can move energy and encode a signal. Frequency, wavelength and amplitude describe different features of what arrives.
DNA stores instructions for cells
DNA is a long molecule whose sequence stores biological information. Cells read sections of it to help build proteins, while copying and small changes explain both inheritance and variation.
Natural selection changes populations
Individuals vary, and some inherited differences affect survival or reproduction in a particular environment. Across generations, those differences can become more or less common in the population.
Photosynthesis stores light energy in food
Green plants use light to build sugar from carbon dioxide and water. This links sunlight, plant growth and much of the food energy used by living things.
The greenhouse effect warms planets
Certain gases absorb and re-emit infrared radiation, slowing the escape of heat to space. The natural effect makes Earth habitable; increasing it changes the planet’s energy balance.
Electric fields exert forces at a distance
A charged object changes the space around it, creating an electric field. Another charge in that field experiences a push or pull, even without touching the first object.
The immune system recognises and responds to pathogens
Your immune system distinguishes familiar body markers from features of viruses, bacteria and other threats. It uses barriers, cells and molecules to contain an infection and can remember some encounters.
Momentum is conserved in collisions
Momentum links an object's mass and velocity and helps predict what happens when objects collide.
Changing magnetic fields induce voltage
A changing magnetic field can push charges through a wire, explaining how generators produce electricity.
Acids and bases transfer protons
Acids and bases behave differently because of how they exchange hydrogen ions in water.
Plate tectonics reshapes Earth
Earth's outer rocky layer is divided into moving plates whose interactions build mountains and cause earthquakes.
The periodic table predicts chemical behaviour
The table is more than a list of elements: its layout reveals patterns in electrons, reactions and properties.
Thermal energy moves in three main ways
Conduction, convection and radiation explain how warmth travels through objects, fluids and empty space.
Gravity shapes orbits
An orbit is a continuous fall in which an object moves sideways fast enough to keep missing the body it is falling towards.
Organisms keep internal conditions stable
Homeostasis uses sensors, control centres and responses to keep variables such as temperature and blood sugar within safe limits.
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