Physics, 14–17 years — 20 topics · MyLeoNes™ Kuks
20 physics topics written for 14–17 years — not a older text simplified. In teaching order, each a deck of five cards: the idea, why it exists, a worked example, the common trap and where you meet it.
Physics · 14–17 years
Newton’s laws of motion
How forces change motion, and why objects do not need a force to keep moving.
Conservation of energy
Energy changes form and moves between places, but it is not created or destroyed.
Electric circuits
How a complete path lets charge transfer energy through a circuit.
Wave behaviour
How vibrations carry energy and interact through reflection, refraction, and interference.
Momentum and collisions
Momentum helps us predict what happens when moving objects push, hit or bounce off one another.
Pressure in fluids
Pressure explains why water pushes harder deep down and how a small force can move a heavy load.
Gravitational fields and orbits
A gravitational field describes how masses attract, from a falling apple to a spacecraft circling Earth.
Radioactive half-life
Half-life describes the steady pattern in which an unstable sample loses half of its remaining activity.
Moments and rotational balance
A force can make an object turn, not just move. Moments explain why the distance from a pivot matters and how balanced objects stay still.
Hooke's law and springs
For a spring or elastic material, stretching usually grows in step with the applied force—up to a limit. This gives a way to measure force and to predict when a material will stop returning to its shape.
Magnetic fields and forces
Magnets and electric currents can exert forces without touching. A magnetic field maps where those effects act, and the motor effect explains how a current-carrying wire can move in a field.
Electromagnetic induction
Changing the magnetic field through a coil can create a voltage, even without a battery. The faster the change and the more turns the coil has, the greater the induced voltage tends to be.
Density
Density tells us how much mass is packed into a certain volume. It helps explain why objects made from different materials can have the same size but different masses, and why some objects float.
Specific heat capacity
Different materials need different amounts of energy to warm up. Specific heat capacity lets us predict that change and choose materials for heating, cooling and thermal protection.
Refraction of light
Light changes direction when it crosses into a material where it travels at a different speed. This explains bent-looking objects, lenses and many optical instruments.
Converging lenses
A converging lens bends parallel light rays towards one another. Its focal length and the object’s distance determine where an image forms and whether it is larger, smaller, upright or inverted.
Describing motion with graphs
Position–time and velocity–time graphs turn a journey into a picture. Their slopes and areas reveal how an object moves without showing every moment separately.
Work, power and efficiency
These ideas separate the amount of energy transferred from how quickly it is transferred and how much is useful. They make machines and human effort measurable.
Thermal energy transfer
Thermal energy moves from hotter places to cooler ones by conduction, convection or radiation. Each process has a different physical picture, so the best insulation depends on the situation.
Electric charge and electric fields
Electric charge is a property that makes objects push or pull electrically. An electric field describes the force a charge would feel at each place, even before another charge is put there.
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