There is and there are: saying what exists — Foreign languages, 7–10 years
There is and there are introduce things we can see or imagine in a place. Use there is for one thing and there are for two or more.
Putting something on the scene
There is and there are are like a spoken arrow pointing into a scene. There is a spider means one spider is present. There are three leaves means three leaves are present. The important number comes after the phrase.
Why start with there?
When you point out a new thing, the listener does not know it yet, so you start with the scene: There is a surprise in the box. English uses there to open that scene before naming the surprise. It is different from saying where the surprise is.
Count before you choose
Look at a table: one cup and four plates. First count each group. One cup needs there is: There is a cup on the table. Four plates need there are: There are four plates on the table. The phrase changes because the number of things changes.
Do not count the place
It is easy to choose there are because a room or a box feels like a large thing. But the choice depends on the thing being introduced, not on the place around it. Say There is a toy in the rooms, even though rooms may be big; say There are toys when the introduced things are several.
Describing a picture or a room
When you show someone a photo, a map or a room, there is and there are let you point out what appears in it. You might say There is a river and there are two bridges. This helps a listener build the same picture in their mind.
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