Waterproofing keeps water out — Engineering, 4–6 years
Waterproofing uses a material, cover or seal to stop water entering. It protects things that must stay dry and helps people stay dry too.
Blocking water
Waterproofing means making a barrier that water cannot easily pass through. A solid cover may stop rain, while tape, glue or a rubber seal can close a small gap. The barrier works only if it covers the places where water could enter.
Why keep water out?
Water is useful, but it can spoil paper, rust metal, damage machines and make people cold. Builders faced the problem of rain and splashes getting into useful objects and spaces. Covers and seals were developed to keep water away without stopping the object from doing its job.
Sealing a small box
Suppose a paper box must hold a dry toy outside. First, cover the top with plastic, leaving no open edge. Next, press waterproof tape along every join and corner. Finally, put a few drops of water on top and check inside. If it is dry, the cover and seals are doing their job; if not, find the gap and seal it.
Waterproof does not mean unbreakable
It is reasonable to think that a waterproof object can never get wet, because its surface keeps rain out. But a tear, loose edge or open hole can let water in, and strong pressure can force water through. Waterproofing works only under the conditions it was designed for, so damaged seals need checking.
Waterproofing around us
Raincoats and boots use water-resistant materials to keep a person dry. Tents use coated fabric and sealed seams, while boats need sealed joins so water stays outside. Phone cases and food containers may also use covers or rubber seals, but they must be closed properly to work.
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